glutathione disulfide การใช้

• GPx4 is eventually reactivated by a second glutathione molecule, releasing glutathione disulfide ( GS-SG ).
• Glutathione reductase ( GR ) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide ( GSSG ) to glutathione ( GSH ).
• In the process, glutathione is converted to its oxidized form, glutathione disulfide ( GSSG ), also called L-(  )-glutathione.
• For instance, glutathione peroxidases catalyze the oxidation of GSH to glutathione disulfide ( GSSG ) by reducing free radicals and reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide.
• In living cells, glutathione disulfide is reduced into two molecules of glutathione with reducing equivalents from the coenzyme NADPH . This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione reductase.
• The oxidized form of glutathione ( glutathione disulfide ), which is generated during the reduction of hydroperoxides by GPx4, is recycled by glutathione reductase and NADPH / H +.
• Antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidases and peroxiredoxins, generate glutathione disulfide during the reduction of peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide ( H 2 O 2 ) and organic hydroperoxides ( ROOH ):
• Other enzymes, such as glutaredoxins, generate glutathione disulfide through thiol-disulfide exchange with protein disulfide bonds or other low molecular mass compounds, such as coenzyme A disulfide or dehydroascorbic acid.
• However, during oxidative stress or toxic insults that can result in the depletion of cellular GSH or its oxidation to glutathione disulfide ( GSSG ), the function of any monomeric GCLC in the cell is likely to become quite important.
• The ratio of GSSG / GSH present in the cell is a key factor in properly maintaining the oxidative balance of the cell, that is, it is critical that the cell maintains high levels of the reduced glutathione and a low level of the oxidized Glutathione disulfide.